{"id":310494,"date":"2023-01-03T04:13:28","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T03:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/?post_type=go&p=310494"},"modified":"2023-01-03T04:26:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T03:26:33","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-testing-in-go","status":"publish","type":"go","link":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/go\/2023\/01\/03\/comprehensive-guide-to-testing-in-go\/","title":{"rendered":"Go \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7efc\u5408\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u64b0\u5199\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

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\"Alexandre<\/div>\n
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Alexandre Cou\u00ebdelo<\/h4>\n

Alexandre \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5c31\u62e5\u62b1\u4e86 DevOps \u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e00\u5bb6\u9886\u5148\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002 \u4ed6\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e DevOps \u9769\u547d\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

GitHub<\/a> Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u5173\u4e8e Go \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u987b\u77e5\u4e8b\u9879\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u638c\u63e1 Go \u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u8bb8\u591a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8868\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u8fb9\u7f18\u7528\u4f8b\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u8fd8\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u6765\u81ea\u6807\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u53ca\u5176\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u3002 \u60a8\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3 Testify\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93<\/a>\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba9\u60a8\u53ca\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002 \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f1a\u8ba9\u60a8\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5c0f\u4e14\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002 \u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570 Fooer<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06 int<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de string<\/code>\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6574\u6570\u80fd\u88ab\u4e09\u6574\u9664\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \"Foo\"<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a string<\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230 FooBarQix<\/a> \u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 Go \u7ec3\u4e60\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a fooer.go<\/code> \u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7c98\u8d34\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

package main\n\nimport \"strconv\"\n\n\/\/ If the number is divisible by 3, write \"Foo\" otherwise, the number\nfunc Fooer(input int) string {\n\n    isfoo := (input % 3) == 0\n\n    if isfoo {\n        return \"Foo\"\n    }\n\n    return strconv.Itoa(input)\n}<\/pre>\n
Go \u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u88ab\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff08\u5373\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09\u4e2d\u3002 \u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u6587\u4ef6 fooer.go<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5219\u5728\u6587\u4ef6 fooer_test.go<\/code> \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5 Fooer<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u5728\u60a8\u8f93\u5165 3<\/code> \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \"Foo\"<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
package main\n\timport \"testing\"\n\tfunc TestFooer(t *testing.T) {\n\t\tresult := Fooer(3)\n\t\tif result != \"Foo\" {\n\t\t   t.Errorf(\"Result was incorrect, got: %s, want: %s.\", result, \"Foo\")\n\t\t}\n\t}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Go \u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5 Test<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 *testing.T<\/code><\/a> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5f62\u53c2\u3002 \u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a Test[NameOfFunction]<\/code>\u3002 testing<\/code> \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 t.Errorf<\/code><\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
go test<\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u5e94\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u5728 GoLand \u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u51fb\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e2d\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u8fd0\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0cGoLand \u4f1a\u5728 Run<\/em>\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u53f3\u4fa7\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u5b83\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u7f16\u5199\u8868\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u7528\u4f8b\u800c\u91cd\u590d\u5927\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u60a8\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u8986\u76d6 Fooer<\/code> \u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4f8b\u3002 \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u3002 \u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u88ab\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u9010\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\u70b9\u3002 \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u9a71\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e2e\u52a9\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u3002 \u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6240\u9700\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/p>\n