{"id":667677,"date":"2025-12-10T13:31:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T12:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/?post_type=kotlin&#038;p=667677"},"modified":"2025-12-12T15:05:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T14:05:00","slug":"growing-kotlin-adoption-in-your-company-2","status":"publish","type":"kotlin","link":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/kotlin\/2025\/12\/growing-kotlin-adoption-in-your-company-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u8d35\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u6269\u5927 Kotlin \u7684\u91c7\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/urs-peter-70a2882\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/urs-peter-linked-in\">Urs Peter<\/a>\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u517c JetBrains \u8ba4\u8bc1 Kotlin \u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347 Kotlin \u6280\u80fd\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0cUrs \u8fd8\u5728 <\/em><em>Xebia Academy<\/em> \u4e3b\u529e\u4e86 <a href=\"https:\/\/academy.xebia.com\/upskilling\/kotlin-academy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Kotlin \u6280\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u8ba1\u5212<\/em><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a<\/em><strong><em>\u5728\u4ee5 Java \u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u91c7\u7528 Kotlin \u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6307\u5357<\/em><\/strong><em>\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7cfb\u5217\u5c06\u4ece\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u8303\u56f4\u8f6c\u578b\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u8bb2\u8ff0 Kotlin \u91c7\u7528\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/kotlin\/2025\/10\/getting-started-with-kotlin-for-java-developers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9762\u5411 Java \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684 Kotlin \u4f7f\u7528\u5165\u95e8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/kotlin\/2025\/10\/evaluating-kotlin-in-real-projects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/kotlin\/2025\/10\/evaluating-kotlin-in-real-projects\/\">\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u8bc4\u4f30 Kotlin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/kotlin\/2025\/11\/growing-kotlin-adoption-in-your-company\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5728\u8d35\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u6269\u5927 Kotlin \u7684\u91c7\u7528<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e7f\u800c\u544a\u4e4b\uff1a\u8d62\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u540c\u50da\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u8ba4\u53ef<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ec4\u5efa\u8d77\u4e00\u652f\u8ba4\u53ef Kotlin \u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u6269\u5927\u5176\u91c7\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff1f\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u8d62\u5f97\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u7684 Java \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u3002\u786c\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u8f6f\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u786c\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9e\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8f6f\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u534f\u4f5c\u4ea4\u6d41<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a9\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u4e0a\u624b<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5b66\u8d44\u6599<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u90e8 Kotlin \u793e\u533a<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u6301\u8010\u5fc3\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9e\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u901a\u8fc7 Kotlin\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\uff09\u7f16\u5199\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u80dc\u4e8e\u96c4\u8fa9<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4 Java \u4e0e Kotlin \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5448\u73b0 Kotlin \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8df3\u51fa\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1aKotlin \u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0e Java <em>\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02<\/em>\uff0c\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u517c\u987e\u6781\u81f4\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u5171\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 Java \u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u80fd\u4e0e Java \u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. null \u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u544a\u522b\u201c\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7ea7\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/This is why we have the billion-dollar mistake (not only in Java\u2026)\nBooking booking = null; \/\/\ud83e\udd28 This is allowed but causes:\nbooking.destination; \/\/Runtime error \ud83d\ude31\n\nOptional booking = null; \/\/Optionals aren\u2019t safe from null either: \ud83e\udd28\nbooking.map(Destination::destination); \/\/Runtime error \ud83d\ude31<\/pre>\n<p>Java \u867d\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u6dfb\u52a0\u90e8\u5206 null \u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Optional \u7c7b\u4e0e\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5982 <code>@NotNull<\/code> \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/openjdk.org\/projects\/valhalla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Valhalla<\/a> \u9879\u76ee\uff08null \u9650\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u53ef\u4e3a null \u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a Java \u5f15\u5165 null \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/Important to realize that null is very restricted in Kotlin:\nval booking:Booking? = null \/\/\u2026null can only be assigned to Nullable types \u2705\u00a0\nval booking:Booking = null \/\/null assigned to a Non-nullable types yields a Compilation error \ud83d\ude03\u00a0\n\nbooking.destination \/\/unsafely accessing a nullable type directly causes a Compilation error \ud83d\ude03\nbooking?.destination \/\/only safe access is possible\u00a0 \u2705<\/pre>\n<p>Kotlin null \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u9c7c\u4e0e\u718a\u638c\u53ef\u4ee5\u517c\u5f97\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">data class Booking(val destination:Destination? = null)\ndata class Destination(val hotel:Hotel? = null)\ndata class Hotel(val name:String, val stars:Int? = null)<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">public record Booking(Optional destination) {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Booking() { this(Optional.empty()); }\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Booking(Destination destination) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0this(Optional.ofNullable(destination));\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n}\n\npublic record Destination(Optional hotel) {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Destination() { this(Optional.empty()); }\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Destination(Hotel hotel) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0this(Optional.ofNullable(hotel));\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n}\n\npublic record Hotel(String name, Optional stars) {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Hotel(String name) {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0this(name, Optional.empty());\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public Hotel(String name, Integer stars) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0this(name, Optional.ofNullable(stars));\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/Because Optional is a wrapper, the number of nested objects grows, which doesn\u2019t help readability\nfinal Optional booking = Optional.of(new Booking(\n      Optional.of(new Destination(Optional.of(\n            new Hotel(\"Sunset Paradise\", 5))))));<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/Since nullability is part of the type system, no wrapper is needed: The required type or null can be used.\u00a0\nval booking:Booking? = Booking(Destination(Hotel(\"Sunset Paradise\", 5)))<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u904d\u5386\u5d4c\u5957\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/traversing a graph of Optionals requires extensive unwrapping\nfinal var stars = \"*\".repeat(booking\n\u00a0\u00a0                        .flatMap(Booking::getDestination)\n                          .flatMap(Destination::getHotel)\n                          .map(Hotel::getStars).orElse(0)); \/\/-&gt; \"*****\"<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/Easily traverse a graph of nullable types with: \u2018?\u2019, use\u00a0 ?: for the \u2018else\u2019 case.\nval stars = \"*\".repeat(booking?.destination?.hotel?.stars ?: 0) \/\/-&gt; \"*****\"<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u5305\u5d4c\u5957\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/extensive unwrapping is also needed for printing a leaf\u00a0\nbooking.getDestination()\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.flatMap(Destination::getHotel)\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.map(Hotel::getName)\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.map(String::toUpperCase)\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0      .ifPresent(System.out::println);<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/In Kotlin we have two elegant options:\n\/\/1. we can again traverse the graph with \u2018?\u2019\nbooking?.destination?.hotel.?name?.uppercase()?.also(::println)\n\n\/\/2. We can make use of Kotlin\u2019s smart-cast feature\nif(booking?.destination?.hotel != null) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/The compiler has checked that all the elements in the object graph are not null, so we can access the elements as if they were non-nullable types\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0println(booking.destination.hotel.uppercase())\n}<\/pre>\n<p>Java \u7f3a\u4e4f null \u5b89\u5168\u652f\u6301\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u75db\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3a null \u6027\u6784\u9020\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u5931\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u5197\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cNullPointerException \u7ea6\u5360\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/kotlin\/2020\/11\/productive-server-side-development-with-kotlin-stories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JetBrains \u535a\u5ba2<\/a>\uff09\u3002Kotlin \u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6 null \u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u675c\u7edd\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6545\u969c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c<strong>null \u5b89\u5168\u4ecd\u662f\u5411 Kotlin \u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u9996\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u96c6\u5408\u662f\u60a8\u7684\u5f97\u529b\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7eca\u811a\u77f3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spring \u6846\u67b6\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005 Rod Johnson \u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5 Kotlin \u7684\u5e76\u975e\u53ef\u4e3a null \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684 Java Streams API\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Rx3XZoqbi78?t=1018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creator of Spring: No desire to write Java<\/a>\uff08Spring \u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5df2\u65e0\u610f\u613f\u7f16\u5199 Java\uff09\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c06\u9610\u8ff0 Java Streams API \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6781\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Kotlin \u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">public record Product(String name, int... ratings){}\nList products = List.of(\n\u00a0\u00a0new Product(\"gadget\", 9, 8, 7),\u00a0\n\u00a0\u00a0new Product(\"goody\", 10, 9)\n);\n\nMap maxRatingsPerProduct =\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 1. Stream introduces indirection\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0products.stream()\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 1. Always to and from Stream conversion\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.collect(\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 2. Lacks extension methods, so wrappers are required\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Collectors.groupingBy(\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Product::name,\n\u00a0 \u00a0         \/\/\ud83e\udd28 2. Again\u2026\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Collectors.mapping( groupedProducts -&gt;\n\u00a0               \/\/\ud83e\udd28 3. (too) low-level types, arrays, and primitives cause extra complexity\n\u00a0               \/\/\ud83e\udd28 4. No API on Array, always wrap in stream\u00a0\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arrays.stream(groupedProducts.ratings())\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .max()\n                      \/\/\ud83e\udd28 5. Extra verbosity due to Optional\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0         .orElse(0.0),\n\u00a0              \/\/\ud83e\udd28 6. No named arguments: what does this do?\n\u00a0               Collectors.reducing(0, Integer::max)\n              )\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ));<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/\ud83d\ude03 rich and uniform Collection API - even on Java collections - due to extension methods\nval maxRatingsPerProduct = products.\n      .groupBy { it.name }\n      .mapValues { (_, groupedProducts) -&gt; \/\/\ud83d\ude03 destructuring for semantic precision\n            \/\/\ud83d\ude03 built-in nullability support, and the same API for\u00a0\n            \/\/arrays like other Collections\n            groupedProducts.flatMap { it.ratings }\n                  .maxOrNull() ?: 0\u00a0\n            }\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/pre>\n<p>\u501f\u52a9 Kotlin \u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\uff1a<br \/><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">int[] numbers = {1, 3, 3, 5, 2};\n\nSet unique = Arrays.stream(numbers).boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet());\n\nMap evenOrOdd = unique.stream()\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.collect(Collectors.toMap(\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0n -&gt; n,\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0n -&gt; n % 2 == 0));<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">val numbers = arrayOf(1, 3, 3, 5, 2)\n\nval unique: Set = numbers.toSet() \/\/\ud83d\ude03 simply call to to do the conversion\n\nval evenOrOdd: Map = unique.associateWith { it % 2 == 0 }<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u96c6\u5408 API<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ba1\u9053\u6309\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9605\u8bfb\uff08\u8ddf\u82f1\u8bed\u4e60\u60ef\u76f8\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5c11\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709 Collectors.groupingBy\u3001Stream\u3001Optional \u548c Arrays.stream\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u4ece <code>List<\/code>\u3001<code>Set<\/code>\u3001<code>Array<\/code> \u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u5143\u6570\u7ec4\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f<em>\u76f8\u540c<\/em>\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u65e0\u8d1f\u62c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ec5\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u65f6\u624d\u63d2\u5165\u88c5\u7bb1\/\u62c6\u7bb1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u5e38\u89c4\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>null \u5b89\u5168\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u5408 API \u5168\u9762\u652f\u6301\u4e3a null \u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5 <code>orNull(...)<\/code> \u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u60ef\u7528\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0 Java \u65e0\u7f1d\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5728 Java \u96c6\u5408\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cKotlin \u5c06\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u7b49\u65e5\u5e38\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u7ea7\u522b\u7684<em>\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408<\/em>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8ba9\u60a8\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u60f3\u8981<em>\u4ec0\u4e48<\/em>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ea0\u7ed3\u4e8e<em>\u5982\u4f55<\/em>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7e41\u7410\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Kotlin \u6452\u5f03\u4e86 checked \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5374\u66f4\u80dc\u4e00\u7b79<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Java \u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u4ecd\u652f\u6301 checked \u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 checked \u5f02\u5e38\u6700\u521d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u672a\u5151\u73b0\u5176\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5197\u957f\u3001\u4ec5\u505a\u65e0\u7528\u529f\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5f02\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>RuntimeException<\/code> \u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u4e49 catch \u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e lambda \u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u975e\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9020\u6210\u963b\u788d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kotlin \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982 C#\u3001Python\u3001Scala\u3001Rust \u548c Go\uff09\u5747\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u51f8\u663e\u4e86 checked \u5f02\u5e38\u7ed9\u4ee3\u7801\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u5e26\u6765\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u63d0\u5347\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">public String downloadAndGetLargestFile(List urls) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0List contents = urls.stream().map(urlStr -&gt; {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Optional optional;\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0try {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0optional = Optional.of(new URI(urlStr).toURL());\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 Within lambdas checked exceptions are not supported and must always be caught...\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0} catch (URISyntaxException | MalformedURLException e) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0optional = Optional.empty();\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return optional;\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}).filter(Optional::isPresent) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/Quite a mouthful to get rid of the Optional...\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.map(Optional::get)\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.map(url -&gt; {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0try (InputStream is = url.openStream()) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return new String(is.readAllBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0} catch (IOException e) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28\u2026 or re-thrown, which is annoying, I don\u2019t really care about IOE\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}).toList();\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 An empty List results in a NoSuchElementException, so why is it not checked? The chance that the List is empty is as high as the other two cases above...\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return Collections.max(contents);\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">\/\/\ud83d\ude03 safe return type\nfun downloadAndGetLargestFile(urls: List): String? =\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0urls.mapNotNull { \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83d\ude03 convenient utility methods to rid of null\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83d\ude03 try catch is possible, yet runCatching is an elegant way to convert an exception to null\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0runCatching { URI(it).toURL() }.getOrNull()\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}.maxOfOrNull{ \u00a0\/\/\ud83d\ude03 safe way to retrieve the max value\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0it.openStream().use{ it.reader().readText() } \u00a0\/\/\ud83d\ude03 convenient extension methods to make java.io streams fluent\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>4. \u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kotlin \u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b64\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Java\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u53c8\u4e3a\u4f55\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e Java \u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u80fd\u529b\u5927\u591a\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7 lambda \u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7aef\uff0c\u800c\u58f0\u660e\u7aef\u4ecd\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5197\u957f\u4e14\u4e0d\u591f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728 Kotlin \u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u65e0\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u8868\u8fbe\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Java<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">public void doWithImage(\n      URL url,\u00a0\n      \/\/\ud83e\udd28 Function interfaces introduce an indirection: because we don\u2019t see the signature of a Function we don\u2019t know what a\u00a0 BiConsumer does, unless we look it up\n      BiConsumer f) throws IOException {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0f.accept(url.getFile(), ImageIO.read(url));\n}\n\n\/\/\ud83e\udd28 Same here\npublic void debug(Supplier f) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if(isDebugEnabled()) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.debug(\"Debug: \" + f.get());\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n}\n\n\/\/\ud83e\udd28 calling no-argument lambdas is verbose\ndebug(() -&gt; \"expensive concat\".repeat(1000));<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">fun doWithImage(\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0url: URL,\n\u00a0 \/\/\ud83d\ude03 Kotlin has a syntax for declaring functions: from the signature, we see what goes in and what goes out\u00a0\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0f:(String, BufferedImage) -&gt; Unit) =\u00a0\n      f(url.file, ImageIO.read(url))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83d\ude03 same here: nothing goes in, a String goes out\nfun debug(msg: () -&gt; String) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if(isDebugEnabled) {\n            logger.debug(msg())\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}\n}\n\n\/\/\ud83d\ude03 convenient syntax to pass a lambda: {}\ndebug{\"expensive concat\".repeat(1000)}<\/pre>\n<p>Kotlin \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u77e5\u6653\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5bfc\u822a\u81f3\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Java \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf <code>java.util.function.*<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u5197\u957f\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9887\u4e3a\u7e41\u7410\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cKotlin \u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u80fd\u4e0e Java \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u5168\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-655829\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1.1355932203389831; width: 510px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/unnamed-16.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"708\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 Kotlin \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u53d8\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u7b80\u6d01\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u60a8\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u5927\u7f16\u7a0b\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. \u5229\u7528\u534f\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u8d1f\u62c5\u5e76\u53d1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3001\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6216\u6d41\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\uff0cJava \u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4fbf\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cReactor \u548c RxJava\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Spring WebFlux\u3001Vert.X\u3001Quarkus \u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e93\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5341\u5206\u9661\u5ced\uff0c\u4e14\u6781\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u627f\u53d7\u8d1f\u8f7d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert \">\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u865a\u62df\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5e93\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5e93\u3002\u865a\u62df\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u975e\u963b\u585e I\/O\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u6d41\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e3b\u6d41\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u503c\u4e5f\u5c06\u5177\u5907\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u6d41\uff0c\u60a8\u59cb\u7ec8\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u4f7f\u7528 Spring Boot \u7684 Java \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u53d1\u8d77\u5e76\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u60a8\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u00a0<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"java\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">@PostMapping(\"\/users\")\n@ResponseBody\n@Transactional\npublic Mono storeUser(@RequestBody User user) {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mono avatarMono = avatarService.randomAvatar();\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mono validEmailMono = emailService.verifyEmail(user.getEmail());\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\ud83e\udd28 what does \u2018zip\u2019 do?\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return Mono.zip(avatarMono, validEmailMono).flatMap(tuple -&gt;\u00a0\n\u00a0      if(!tuple.getT2()) \/\/what is getT2()? It\u2019s the validEmail Boolean\u2026\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0     \/\/\ud83e\udd28 why can I not just throw an exception?\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0      Mono.error(new InvalidEmailException(\"Invalid Email\"));\n\u00a0      else personDao.save(UserBuilder.from(user)\n                                          .withAvatarUrl(tuple.getT1()));\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0);\u00a0\u00a0\n\u00a0\u00a0}<\/pre>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8868\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5076\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5374\u6781\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\uff1a\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab <code>Mono\/Flux<\/code> \u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8feb\u4f7f\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5305\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1 <code>zip<\/code>\u3001<code>flatMap<\/code> \u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u7f16\u7a0b\u6784\u9020\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u610f\u56fe\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u5fc3\u5168\u653e\u5728 <code>Mono<\/code> \u548c <code>flatMap<\/code> \u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ece\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c6\u89d2\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u662f\uff0cKotlin \u534f\u7a0b\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u534f\u7a0b\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u517c\u5177\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u6837\u7f16\u5199\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5f02\u6b65\/\u5e76\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u534f\u7a0b\u540e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"kotlin\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">@GetMapping(\"\/users\")\n@ResponseBody\n@Transactional\nsuspend fun storeUser(@RequestBody user:User):User = coroutineScope {\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0val avatarUrl = async { avatarService.randomAvatar() }\n\u00a0  val validEmail = async { emailService.verifyEmail() }\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if(!validEmail.await()) throw InvalidEmailException(\"Invalid email\")\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0personRepo.save(user.copy(avatar = avatarUrl.await()))\n}<\/pre>\n<p>Kotlin \u7684 suspend \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u501f\u52a9 <code>async{}<\/code> \u548c <code>await()<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u6df1\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700 <code>Mono<\/code> \u6216 <code>CompletableFuture<\/code> \u8fd9\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-655845\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/unnamed-17.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1566\" height=\"456\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e Java Web \u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u534f\u7a0b\u3002Spring \u5bf9\u6b64\u652f\u6301\u826f\u597d\uff0cMicronaut \u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002Quarkus \u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. \u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bdd\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0cJava \u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Java \u6301\u7eed\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 records\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709 Amber\u3001Valhalla \u548c Loom \u7b49\u540e\u7eed\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86 JVM \u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u65b0\u201d\u7684 Java \u7279\u6027\u5927\u591a\u5df2\u88ab Kotlin \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5e74\u3002null \u5b89\u5168\u3001\u503c\u7c7b\u3001\u9876\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u53c2\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u5747\u662f Kotlin \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u66f4\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f Kotlin \u4ee3\u7801\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e14\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\uff1aKotlin \u8fd8\u80fd\u4ece Java \u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002JVM \u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u865a\u62df\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c Loom\uff0c\u6216 Valhalla \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u7f1d\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e Kotlin\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1aJava \u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46 Kotlin \u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u672a\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-668326 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Gemini_Generated_Image_q2ixdqq2ixdqq2ix.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2016\" height=\"2112\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>7. Kotlin \u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8001\u724c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u80cc\u8d1f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u5305\u88b1\u3002\u5728\u652f\u6301\u6d77\u91cf\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002Kotlin \u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u9879\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff1aKotlin \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56e2\u961f\u5e76\u672a\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u4e3b\u6d41\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u8def\u5145\u5206\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ece Java \u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1aKotlin \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230 Java \u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 Kotlin \u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u5386\u7a0b\uff0cKotlin \u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56e2\u961f\u7684 Andrey Breslav \u66fe\u5728\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u7684 Kotlin \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u7cbe\u5f69\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7z_K-hTTeqI&amp;ab_channel=Xebia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Shoulders of Giants: Languages Kotlin Learned From<\/em> \u2013 Andrey Breslav<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f6f\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u987a\u7545\u8e0f\u4e0a Kotlin \u91c7\u7528\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8054\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u52a9\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u4e0a\u624b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f4\u89c2\u5bf9\u6bd4 Java \u4e0e Kotlin \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5bf9 Kotlin \u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ec5\u51ed\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8d62\u5f97 Java \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\u4e0e\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4e3a\u52a0\u5feb Kotlin \u7684\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u987a\u5229\u5165\u95e8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u652f\u6301\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5e76\u5217\u5448\u73b0\u7684 Java \u4e0e Kotlin \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u56e2\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u7f6e\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86 SonarQube\u3001ktlint\u3001detekt \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u6574\u6d01\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u7684 lint \u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u5e93\u548c CI \u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e2\u961f\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u963b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0e\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u6df1 Kotlin \u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u968f\u65f6\u4e3a\u65b0\u56e2\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u89e3\u7b54\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u64cd\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56e2\u961f\u3001\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5bf9 Kotlin \u6301\u4e45\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5b66\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece Java \u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60 Kotlin \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u63d0\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u987a\u7545\u638c\u63e1 Kotlin \u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u5165\u95e8\u95e8\u69db\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotlinlang.org\/docs\/getting-started.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>JetBrains \u201cTour of Kotlin\u201d\uff08\u5165\u95e8\u6307\u5357\uff09<\/strong><br \/><\/a>Kotlin \u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6b3e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotlinlang.org\/docs\/koans.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Kotlin Koans<br \/><\/strong><\/a>\u7531 JetBrains \u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udacity.com\/course\/kotlin-bootcamp-for-programmers--ud9011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Udacity \u201cKotlin Bootcamp for Programmers\u201d<\/strong><br \/><\/a>\u4e0e Google \u5408\u4f5c\u6253\u9020\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89c6\u9891\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"alert \">\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u5341\u5206\u6709\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u5f0a\u7aef\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5f53\u9677\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5fd9\u788c\u8282\u594f\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5b66\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6765\u81ea\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u6df1\u8c19 Kotlin \u60ef\u7528\u5199\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u5999\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u77e5\u6653\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u81ea\u5b66\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5199\u51fa Java \u98ce\u683c\u7684 Kotlin \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u867d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325 Kotlin \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u9664\u975e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f18\u8d28\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f20\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6781\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\uff1a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6df1\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u7b54\u7591\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5728\u521d\u671f\u8f6c\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\u66f4\u5feb\u4e0a\u624b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5730\u9053\u7684 Kotlin \u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u90e8 Kotlin \u793e\u533a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u63d0\u5347\u5168\u5458 Kotlin \u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u57f9\u80b2\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u6280\u672f\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u542f\u52a8\u5185\u90e8 Kotlin \u793e\u533a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u652f\u81f3\u5c11\u7531 3 \u81f3 6 \u540d\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u613f\u610f\u4e3a Kotlin \u793e\u533a\u6295\u5165\u7cbe\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e3a\u5176\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u65f6\u95f4\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56e2\u961f\u7ec4\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7 Kotlin \u793e\u533a\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u573a\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u70b9\u71c3\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9 Kotlin \u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u6ce8\u5165\u5f3a\u52b2\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u6392\u5b9a\u671f\u805a\u4f1a\uff08\u6bcf\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u6bcf\u4e24\u5468\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u5c55\u52bf\u5934\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u804a\u5929\u9891\u9053\/\u7ef4\u57fa\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9080\u8bf7\uff08\u5916\u90e8\uff09\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9080\u8bf7\u5df2\u5c06 Kotlin \u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7a7f\u63d2\u5f00\u5c55\u6df1\u5ea6\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u8bb2\uff08\u534f\u7a0b\u3001KMP\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff09\u4e0e\u9ad8\u9636\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u64cd\u6280\u5de7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u4eab\u5185\u90e8\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf7\u9879\u76ee\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728 Kotlin \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u6548\u505a\u6cd5\u3001\u5931\u8d25\u6559\u8bad\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u4efd\u300aKotlin \u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u4f9b\u65b0\u56e2\u961f\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u8003\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c55\u793a\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ea\u7535\u6f14\u8bb2\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 5 \u81f3 10 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u6f14\u793a\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u76f8\u5173\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u653b\u514b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u5f70\u8d21\u732e\u8005 \u2013 \u5728\u5168\u5458\u4f1a\u8bae\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u7b80\u62a5\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u81f4\u8c22\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\u6c1b\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u95ed\u73af<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u95ee\u5377\u6536\u96c6\u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u518d\u636e\u6b64\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6e\u6362\u7ec4\u7ec7\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u793e\u533a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5355\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5065\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf8\u591a\u5efa\u8bae\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u533a\u6d3b\u529b\u4e0e\u5b58\u7eed\u6240\u9700\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u4fdd\u6301\u8010\u5fc3\u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u9700\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u5bf9\u4e00\u6b3e\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u6025\u4e8e\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u57f9\u80b2\u91c7\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u9075\u5faa<em>\u793a\u8303\u800c\u975e\u8bf4\u6559<\/em>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7cfb\u5217\u535a\u6587\u540e\u7eed\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u5fc3\u4ece\u8bf4\u670d\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e89\u53d6\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e3a Kotlin \u7684\u91c7\u7528\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u60a8\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6210\u679c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6253\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u8282\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u9610\u660e Kotlin \u7edd\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5347\u7ea7 <strong>\u2013<\/strong> \u5bf9\u4e8e\u56e2\u961f\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u5907\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"about-author \">\n<div class=\"about-author__box\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"about-author__box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a3f7-400o400o1-QYUavRYyARnAVJLCpM1m8M.webp\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"about-author__box-text\">\n<h4>Urs Peter<\/h4>\n<p>Urs \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u3001\u4f1a\u8bae\u6f14\u8bb2\u5609\u5bbe\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u7f29\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u5173\u952e\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u62e5\u6709 20 \u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca Kotlin \u548c Scala\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u62c5\u4efb\u987e\u95ee\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece Kotlin \u548c Scala \u8bed\u8a00\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5230\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u7b49\u67b6\u6784\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u751f\u793e\u4ea4\u8fbe\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u548c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u540c\u884c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u540c\u884c\u542f\u53d1\u3002Urs \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d JetBrains \u8ba4\u8bc1 Kotlin \u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u535a\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"about-author \">\n        <div class=\"about-author__box\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"about-author__box-img\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/photo_2021-08-03_15-27-43-200x200.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" alt=\"Alyona Chernyaeva\" loading=\"lazy\"  class=\"avatar avatar-200 wp-user-avatar wp-user-avatar-200 photo avatar-default\">\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"about-author__box-text\">\n                                            <h4>Alyona Chernyaeva<\/h4>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1297,"featured_media":667708,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"tags":[],"cross-post-tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kotlin\/667677"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kotlin"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kotlin"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1297"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=667677"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kotlin\/667677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":668337,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kotlin\/667677\/revisions\/668337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/667708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=667677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=667677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=667677"},{"taxonomy":"cross-post-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cross-post-tag?post=667677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}