{"id":241274,"date":"2022-04-19T09:09:12","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T08:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/ktor\/2022\/04\/11\/ktor-2-0-released\/"},"modified":"2025-09-18T14:46:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T13:46:25","slug":"ktor-2-0-released","status":"publish","type":"ktor","link":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/ktor\/2022\/04\/19\/ktor-2-0-released\/","title":{"rendered":"Ktor 2.0 \u73b0\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u5174\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03 Ktor 2.0 \u73b0\u5df2\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor 2.0 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u7248\u672c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u6446\u8131\u9057\u7559\u51b3\u7b56\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5df2\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6784\u5efa Ktor \u65f6\u59cb\u7ec8\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002 Ktor \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u5747\u4ee5\u63d2\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u63d2\u4ef6\u201d\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5728 2.0 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5e45\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027 API\uff0c\u4f7f\u63d2\u4ef6\u66f4\u6613\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762 1.x \u7684 API \u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

companion object Feature : ApplicationFeature<ApplicationCallPipeline, CustomHeader.Configuration, CustomHeader> {\n    override val key = AttributeKey<CustomHeader>("CustomPlugin")\n    override fun install(pipeline: ApplicationCallPipeline, configure: Configuration.() -> Unit): CustomHeader {\n       val configuration = Configuration().apply(configure)\n\n       val feature = CustomHeader(configuration)\n\n       pipeline.intercept(ApplicationCallPipeline.Call) {\n\n            feature.intercept(this)\n        }\n\n       return feature\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5230\u4e86 2.0 \u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
val myCustomPlugin = createApplicationPlugin("CustomPlugin") {\n    onCall {\n\n    }\n\n    onCallReceive {\n\n    }\n\n    onCallRespond {\n\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u6709\u63d2\u4ef6\u90fd\u5df2\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0 API\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u8986\u76d6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u666f\u3002 \u6709\u5173\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 `CustomHeader` \u63d2\u4ef6\u4ece\u65e7<\/a> API \u5230\u65b0<\/a> API \u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d2\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u6587\u6863<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u8f7b\u677e\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Native \u652f\u6301<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 GraalVM\uff08\u4ece 1.6 \u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5df2\u652f\u6301\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u652f\u6301 Kotlin\/Native\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u4e8e Kotin\/Native \u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 CIO \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u63a8\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684 Kotlin\/Native \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6539\u8fdb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9 Ktor \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u968f\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fun main() {\n    embeddedServer(Netty, port = 0) {\n        configureRouting()\n    }.start(wait = true)\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5 API\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8def\u7531\u3001XML \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u5b50\u8def\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca 60 \u591a\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/a>\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ktor \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5316\u7684 API<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
API \u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u5728 Ktor \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684 API \u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n
val result = client.post("http:\/\/127.0.0.1:$port\/") {\n\n}\nresult.bodyAsText()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u7684 post<T>, get<T><\/em> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a `HttpResponse`\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b63\u6587\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 `bodyAsText`\u3001`bodyAsChannel`\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8bd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u8bd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n\n\n\n
val client = HttpClient(CIO) {\n    install(HttpRequestRetry) {\n        maxRetries = 5\n        retryIf { request, response ->\n            !response.status.isSuccess()\n        }\n        retryOnExceptionIf { _, cause ->\n            cause is NetworkError\n        }\n        delayMillis { retry ->\n            retry * 3000L\n        } \/\/ retries in 3, 6, 9, etc. seconds\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\u3002 \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u534f\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u534f\u5546\u65b9\u9762\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u628a\u5b83\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
val client = HttpClient(CIO) {\n    install(ContentNegotiation) {\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d2\u4ef6\u6709\u6548\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 `JsonFeature`\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6539\u8fdb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u5916\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5feb\u6377 API\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 `basic()` \u548c `bearer()` \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4fa6\u542c\u5668\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u6307\u6807\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001XML \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u9519\u8bef\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 Ktor 2.0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728 Ktor \u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u6709\u524d\u7f00 server<\/em>\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u524d\u7f00\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u63d2\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d1\u73b0\u53d8\u5f97\u7e41\u7410\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7248\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u547d\u540d\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002 \u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5c06\u5177\u6709 server<\/em> \u524d\u7f00\u3002 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5c06\u5177\u6709 client<\/em> \u524d\u7f00\u3002 \u901a\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u7f00\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63d2\u4ef6\u73b0\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
import io.ktor.server.application.*\nimport io.ktor.server.request.*\nimport io.ktor.server.response.*\nimport io.ktor.client.request.*\nimport io.ktor.client.statement.*\nimport io.ktor.http.content.*\nimport io.ktor.util.*\nimport io.ktor.utils.io.*<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64<\/p>\n\n\n\n
implementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-auth:$ktor_version"\nimplementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-default-headers:$ktor_version"\nimplementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-sessions:$ktor_version"\nimplementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-status-pages:$ktor_version"\nimplementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-cors:$ktor_version"\nimplementation "io.ktor:ktor-server-conditional-headers:$ktor_version"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u6863<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd8\u968f IntelliJ IDEA<\/a> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fc1\u79fb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u8fc1\u79fb\u60a8\u7684 Ktor \u9879\u76ee\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 Kotlin Multiplatform \u9879\u76ee\uff09<\/em>\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Kotlin 1.6.20 \u652f\u6301\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u6587\u6863<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u6700\u65b0\u7248 Kotlin\uff0cKtor 2.0 \u4e0e 1.6.20 \u517c\u5bb9\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86 Ktor \u7684\u6587\u6863<\/a>\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb API \u6587\u6863\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6709\u5173 2.0 \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u66f4\u65e5\u5fd7<\/a>\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6765\u521b\u5efa<\/a>\u60a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a Ktor 2.0 \u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u535a\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n    
\n        
\n            
\n                
\n                    \"\"\n                <\/div>\n                
\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1297,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"tags":[],"cross-post-tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ktor\/241274"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ktor"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ktor"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1297"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241274"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ktor\/241274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":633013,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ktor\/241274\/revisions\/633013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=241274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=241274"},{"taxonomy":"cross-post-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cross-post-tag?post=241274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}