{"id":576188,"date":"2025-06-18T09:54:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T08:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/?post_type=pycharm&p=576188"},"modified":"2025-06-18T09:54:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T08:54:14","slug":"concurrency-in-async-await-and-threading","status":"publish","type":"pycharm","link":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/pycharm\/2025\/06\/concurrency-in-async-await-and-threading\/","title":{"rendered":"\u66f4\u5feb\u7684 Python\uff1aasync\/await \u548c threading \u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7 FastAPI \u548c discord.py \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7 async\/await<\/code> \u6216 asyncio<\/code>\u3002 \u60a8\u4e5f\u8bb8\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u201cPython \u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053 Python \u4e2d\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\uff08\u6216\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\uff09\u7684 GIL\u3002 \u8003\u8651\u5230 Python \u4e2d\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u597d\u5947 async\/await<\/code> \u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u60a8\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u60a8\u51c6\u5907\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5373\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501 (GIL) \u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0cPython \u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u3002 nogil\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u65e0\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09Python \u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u9664\u4e86 GIL\uff0c\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe GIL \u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u662f\u6307\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u72ec\u7acb\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

asyncio<\/code> \u548c threading<\/code> \u5728 Python \u4e2d\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1<\/h3>\n

\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0casyncio<\/code> \u548c threading<\/code> Python \u5e93\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u60a8\u7684 CPU \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c \u53ea\u662f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u8981\u4e3a\u51e0\u4f4d\u5ba2\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u987f\u591a\u9053\u83dc\u7684\u665a\u9910\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u83dc\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u70f9\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70e4\u7bb1\u4e2d\u70d8\u70e4\u7684\u6d3e\u6216\u8005\u7089\u5b50\u4e0a\u6162\u7096\u7684\u6c64\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u83dc\u80b4\u70f9\u5236\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e72\u7b49\u7740\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u53bb\u5fd9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Python \u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u3002 \u6709\u65f6\uff0cPython \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa (I\/O) \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0cPython \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u3002 \u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 async \u8ba9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a Python \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Python<\/figure>\n

\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u8c01\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c asyncio<\/code> \u548c threading<\/code> \u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f \u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u8c01\u8d1f\u8d23\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e async\/await<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u53d1\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u6216 future \u5c06\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u6216 future\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728 threading<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\u88ab\u4f20\u6765\u4f20\u53bb\u3002 \u62ff\u7740\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u53d1\u8a00\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5c06\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002 \u800c\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u5728\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u4e86\u89e3 Python \u4e2d\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio<\/code> \u548c threading<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u9910\u5e97\u6a21\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n

Python \u4e2d async\/await<\/code> \u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

asyncio<\/code> \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5728 Python 3.4 \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u800c async<\/code> \u548c await<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728 Python 3.5 \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u3002 async\/await<\/code> \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6682\u505c\u5e76\u4f20\u56de main \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u5bb6\u6c49\u5821\u5e97\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u8ba2\u5355\u6309\u7167\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u961f\u5217\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

import time\n\n\ndef make_burger(order_num):\n    print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n    time.sleep(5) # time for making the burger\n    print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\n\ndef main():\n    for i in range(3):\n        make_burger(i)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    s = time.perf_counter()\n    main()\n    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n    print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n
Preparing burger #0...\n\nBurger made #0\n\nPreparing burger #1...\n\nBurger made #1\n\nPreparing burger #2...\n\nBurger made #2\n\nOrders completed in 15.01 seconds.<\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9910\u5385\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4eba\u624b\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport time\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5) # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue = []\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(3):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue.append(make_burger(i))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(*(order_queue))\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
Preparing burger #0...\n\nPreparing burger #1...\n\nPreparing burger #2...\n\nBurger made #0\n\nBurger made #1\n\nBurger made #2\n\nOrders completed in 5.00 seconds.<\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 run<\/code> \u548c gather<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u5b57 async<\/code> \u548c await<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1\u5236\u4f5c\u6c49\u5821\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3002 \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5236\u4f5c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c49\u5821\u3002<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport time\n\norder_queue = asyncio.Queue()\n\ndef take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(3):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue.put_nowait(make_burger(i))\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nclass Staff:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name\n\n\u00a0\u00a0async def working(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while order_queue.qsize() > 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = await order_queue.get()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} finished a task...\")\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = Staff(name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = Staff(name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0take_order()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u961f\u5217\u4fdd\u5b58\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u5458\u5de5\u9886\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
John is working...\n\nPreparing burger #0...\n\nJane is working...\n\nPreparing burger #1...\n\nBurger made #0\n\nJohn finished a task...\n\nJohn is working...\n\nPreparing burger #2...\n\nBurger made #1\n\nJane finished a task...\n\nBurger made #2\n\nJohn finished a task...\n\nOrders completed in 10.00 seconds.<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio.Queue<\/code> \u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport time\n\ntask_queue = asyncio.Queue()\n\norder_num = 0\n\nasync def take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0global order_num\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_num += 1\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0burger_num = input(\"Number of burgers:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(burger_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_burger(f\"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0fries_num = input(\"Number of fries:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(fries_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_fries(f\"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(take_order())\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nasync def make_fries(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing fries #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(2)\u00a0 # time for making fries\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Fries made #{order_num}\")\n\nclass Staff:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0async def working(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while True:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if task_queue.qsize() > 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = await task_queue.get()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} finish task...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(1) #rest\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = Staff(name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = Staff(name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u4f5c\u85af\u6761\uff08\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u5c11\uff09\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8ba2\u5355\uff08\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505c\u6b62\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8ba2\u5355\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4e5f\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u540e\u53f0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a input<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u3002 \u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53ea\u5728\u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\uff1a<\/p>\n
input(\"Number of burgers:\")<\/pre>\n
\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u00a0<\/p>\n
await asyncio.to_thread(input, \"Number of burgers:\")<\/pre>\n
\u5bf9\u85af\u6761\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6545\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u6548\u8f93\u5165\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport time\n\ntask_queue = asyncio.Queue()\n\norder_num = 0\n\nasync def take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0global order_num\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_num += 1\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0burger_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, \"Number of burgers:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(burger_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_burger(f\"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0fries_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, \"Number of fries:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(fries_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_fries(f\"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(take_order())\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nasync def make_fries(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing fries #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(2)\u00a0 # time for making fries\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Fries made #{order_num}\")\n\nclass Staff:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0async def working(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while True:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if task_queue.qsize() > 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = await task_queue.get()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{self.name} finish task...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(1) #rest\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = Staff(name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = Staff(name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio.to_thread<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 input<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u653e\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u53c2\u9605\u6b64\u53c2\u8003<\/a>\uff09\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u53ea\u6709\u5728 Python GIL \u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u758f\u901a I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u51fa\u73b0\u6df7\u4e71\u3002 \u7528\u6237 I\/O \u548c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u653e\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport logging\n\nimport time\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\nlogging.basicConfig(filename='pyburger.log', level=logging.INFO)\n\ntask_queue = asyncio.Queue()\n\norder_num = 0\n\nclosing = False\n\nasync def take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0global order_num, closing\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0try:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_num += 1\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Taking Order #{order_num:04d}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0burger_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, \"Number of burgers:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(burger_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_burger(f\"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0fries_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, \"Number of fries:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(fries_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(make_fries(f\"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued, please wait.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task_queue.put(take_order())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0except ValueError:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Goodbye!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"Closing down... stop taking orders and finish all tasks.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0closing = True\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nasync def make_fries(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Preparing fries #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(2)\u00a0 # time for making fries\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Fries made #{order_num}\")\n\nclass Staff:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0async def working(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while True:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if task_queue.qsize() > 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"{self.name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = await task_queue.get()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await task\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.task_done()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"{self.name} finish task.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elif closing:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(1) #rest\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0global task_queue\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = Staff(name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = Staff(name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Welcome to Pyburger!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"Ready for business!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"All tasks finished. Closing now.\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 pyburger.log<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u6d88\u606f\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5728\u70b9\u9910\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u65e0\u6548\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\u5c06 closing<\/code> \u6807\u5fd7\u5207\u6362\u4e3a True<\/code>\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u8981\u9000\u51fa\uff09\u3002 \u5728 closing<\/code> \u6807\u5fd7\u8bbe\u4e3a True<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06 return<\/code>\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u65e0\u9650 while<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
Python \u4e2d threading<\/code> \u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u653e\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u653e\u5165\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 threading<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f asyncio<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u53d1\u5236\u4f5c\u6c49\u5821\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nimport time\n\nasync def make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.sleep(5) # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\nasync def main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue = []\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(3):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue.append(make_burger(i))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0await asyncio.gather(*(order_queue))\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asyncio.run(main())\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")\n\n```\n\nInstead of creating async coroutines to make the burgers, we can just send functions down different threads like this:\n\n```\n\nimport threading\n\nimport time\n\ndef make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0time.sleep(5) # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\ndef main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue = []\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(3):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = threading.Thread(target=make_burger, args=(i,))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue.append(task)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task.start()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for task in order_queue:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task.join()\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u5728 main<\/code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a for<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a for<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6c49\u5821\u90fd\u5236\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u5373\u8fd4\u56de main<\/code> \u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002 \u6bcf\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
import threading\n\nimport time\n\norder_queue = []\n\ndef take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(3):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_queue.append(make_burger(i))\n\ndef make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def making_burger():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0time.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return making_burger\n\ndef working():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while len(order_queue) > 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = order_queue.pop(0)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...\")\n\ndef main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0take_order()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = threading.Thread(target=working, name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1.start()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = threading.Thread(target=working, name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2.start()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1.join()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2.join()\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0main()\n\n\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0print(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5b83\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a while<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 task_queue<\/code> \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ea4\u53c9\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5411 task_queue<\/code> \u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\uff1a<\/p>\n
queue_lock = threading.Lock()<\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u594f\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n
def working():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while True:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with queue_lock:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if len(order_queue) == 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = order_queue.pop(0)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...\")\n\n```\n\nBased on what we have learned so far, we can complete our final code with threading like this:\n\n```\n\nimport logging\n\nimport threading\n\nimport time\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\nlogging.basicConfig(filename=\"pyburger_threads.log\", level=logging.INFO)\n\nqueue_lock = threading.Lock()\n\ntask_queue = []\n\norder_num = 0\n\nclosing = False\n\ndef take_order():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0global order_num, closing\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0try:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0order_num += 1\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Taking Order #{order_num:04d}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0burger_num = input(\"Number of burgers:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(burger_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with queue_lock:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.append(make_burger(f\"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0fries_num = input(\"Number of fries:\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0for i in range(int(fries_num)):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with queue_lock:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.append(make_fries(f\"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}\"))\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(f\"Order #{order_num:04d} queued, please wait.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with queue_lock:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.append(take_order)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0except ValueError:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Goodbye!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"Closing down... stop taking orders and finish all tasks.\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0closing = True\n\ndef make_burger(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def making_burger():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Preparing burger #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0time.sleep(5)\u00a0 # time for making the burger\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Burger made #{order_num}\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return making_burger\n\ndef make_fries(order_num):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def making_fries():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Preparing fried #{order_num}...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0time.sleep(2)\u00a0 # time for making fries\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Fries made #{order_num}\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return making_fries\n\ndef working():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0while True:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with queue_lock:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if len(task_queue) == 0:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if closing:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = None\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task = task_queue.pop(0)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if task:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0else:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0time.sleep(1)\u00a0 # rest\n\ndef main():\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Welcome to Pyburger!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"Ready for business!\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0task_queue.append(take_order)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1 = threading.Thread(target=working, name=\"John\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1.start()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2 = threading.Thread(target=working, name=\"Jane\")\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2.start()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff1.join()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0staff2.join()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(\"All tasks finished. Closing now.\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s = time.perf_counter()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0logger.info(f\"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.\")<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio<\/code> \u548c threading<\/code> \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u5199 asyncio<\/code> \u4ee3\u7801\u6bd4\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u3002 \u63a7\u5236\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u534f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9501\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cPython \u7ebf\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728 GIL \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba nogil\uff08\u65e0\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09Python \u65f6\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5e76\u53d1\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca<\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\uff1f \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 \u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u7f29\u77ed\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n
\u5f53\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa (I\/O) \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6 CPU \u64cd\u4f5c\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5178\u578b\u793a\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5904\u7406 Web \u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 async\/await<\/code> \u5e76\u53d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u758f\u901a\u5904\u7406\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316 I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
async\/await<\/code> \u5e76\u53d1\u5728\u8bb8\u591a Python \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u5904\u7406 Web \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 Web \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 GUI\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece async\/await<\/code> \u5e76\u53d1\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
CPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n
\u5f53\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e CPU \u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a CPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002 \u5178\u578b\u793a\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u50cf\u6216\u89c6\u9891\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f\u6216\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u6216\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cCPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 async\/await<\/code> \u5e76\u53d1\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a CPU \u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5fd9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6709\u591a\u4e2a CPU\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u4efb\u52a1\u5378\u8f7d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a GPU\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u591a\u5904\u7406\u6765\u66f4\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210 CPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u591a\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b CPU \u548c GPU \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c AI \u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5728\u591a\u4e2a GPU \u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u7eaf Python \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u63a7\u5236\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cPython \u7684 GIL \u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4 Python \u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u3002 \u6700\u8fd1\uff0cPython 3.13 \u5141\u8bb8\u79fb\u9664 GIL \u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba GIL \u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u52a0\u901f CPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cCPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0cmultiprocessing<\/code> \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7 GIL \u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 PyCharm \u4e2d\u8c03\u8bd5\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n
\u8c03\u8bd5\u5f02\u6b65\u6216\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 print<\/code> \u5e2e\u52a9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u7b28\u62d9\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6574\u7406\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a IDE \u63d0\u4f9b\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d41\u3002 \u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002 \u6765\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5728 PyCharm<\/a> \u4e2d\u8ddf\u8e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u9910\u5385\u6a21\u62df\u7684 task_queue<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u65ad\u70b9\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u6682\u505c\u7684\u884c\u53f7\u3002 \u884c\u53f7\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u7ea2\u70b9\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u65ad\u70b9\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c 23\u300127 \u548c 65 \u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e2d\uff0ctask_queue<\/code> \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u70b9\u51fb\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u5c0f\u866b\u5b50\u56fe\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u70b9\u51fb\u56fe\u6807\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5f00 Debug<\/em>\uff08\u8c03\u8bd5\uff09\u7a97\u53e3\u3002 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u9ad8\u4eae\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230 John<\/code> \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7b2c 65 \u884c\u88ab\u9ad8\u4eae\u663e\u793a\u3002 \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u4eae\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u5c1a\u672a\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b task_queue<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u5728 Debug<\/em>\uff08\u8c03\u8bd5\uff09\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u201ctask_queue\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309 Enter<\/em>\u3002 \u60a8\u5c06\u770b\u5230 take_order<\/code> \u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u70b9\u51fb Step in<\/em>\uff08\u6b65\u5165\uff09\u6309\u94ae\u6267\u884c\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u6309\u4e0b\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u8fc7\u5f39\u51fa\u7684 Special Variables<\/em>\uff08\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u7a97\u53e3\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u91cf\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a John<\/code> \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 take_order<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2 task_queue<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u70b9\u51fb Resume Program<\/em>\uff08\u6062\u590d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\uff0cPyCharm \u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230 Console<\/em>\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff09\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002 \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c49\u5821\u3002 \u8f93\u5165\u201c2\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309 Enter<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u70b9\u51fb Threads & Variables<\/em>\uff08\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u56de\u5230\u8be5\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230 burger_num<\/code> \u4e3a 2\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b65\u5165\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 task_queue<\/code>\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a make_burger<\/code> \u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505c\u6b62\u65f6\u6b65\u5165\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 Jane<\/code> \u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u624b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4f59\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7a97\u53e3\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u7ea2\u8272 Stop<\/em>\uff08\u505c\u6b62\uff09\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 PyCharm \u4e2d\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8de8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86 Python \u4e2d\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ec3\u4e60\u52a0\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u3002 \u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8 Python GIL\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7f3a\u5931\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
PyCharm \u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u5982\u672c\u6587\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898\u3002 PyCharm \u62e5\u6709\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65ad\u70b9\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u96c6\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f16\u5199\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8f7b\u677e\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7acb\u5373\u4e0b\u8f7d PyCharm<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u672c\u535a\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n    
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\n                    \"Cheuk\n                <\/div>\n                
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Cheuk Ting Ho<\/h4>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1297,"featured_media":576241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1401,2347,8377],"tags":[6939,5377],"cross-post-tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pycharm\/576188"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pycharm"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/pycharm"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1297"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=576188"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pycharm\/576188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":576266,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pycharm\/576188\/revisions\/576266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/576241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=576188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=576188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=576188"},{"taxonomy":"cross-post-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jetbrains.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cross-post-tag?post=576188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}